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A tensile test, also known as a tension test, is one of the most fundamental and common types of mechanical testing. A tensile test applies tensile (pulling) force to a material and measures the specimen's response to the stress. By doing this, tensile tests determine how strong a material is and how much it can elongate. Tensile tests are typically conducted on electromechanical or universal testing instruments, are simple to perform, and are fully standardized.
We can learn a lot about a substance from tensile testing. By measuring the material while it is being pulled, we can obtain a complete profile of its tensile properties. When plotted on a graph, this data results in a stress/strain curve which shows how the material reacted to the forces being applied. The point of break or failure is of much interest, but other important properties include the modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and strain.
